In 1992, early in my second year of law school at Emory University, the student newspaper reported that the body of a former assistant editor of the paper had been discovered in an abandoned bus in Alaska. The former student, Chris McCandless, had graduated from Emory as an undergraduate in 1990. The story was tragic, but the details that began to emerge were fascinating. Immediately after his graduation, McCandless had abandoned or given away most of his earthly possessions, headed west in an old Datsun, and never communicated with his family again. He adopted the nom de guerre “Alex Supertramp.”
The student population at Emory’s law school was not generally of the “forsake worldly possessions and status” mindset, so McCandless seemed an odd duck to most of us. He was smart, talented and well-to-do. Unlike most of us, he had graduated without debt and with $25,000 in the bank, all of which he gave away to feed the hungry before he disappeared. The name “Alex Supertramp” inevitably showed up on a few sign-up sheets, and someone scrawled “Alex Supertramp Was Here” on a bathroom wall. I can’t claim to have thought much about it, nor did his story have an impact on me at the time.
McCandless’s story did capture the attention of a lot of people, including Jon Krakauer, who was commissioned to write an article on the subject for Outside Magazine. The resulting article generated more reader response than any previous article in the magazine’s history (having never heard of Outside Magazine before, I can’t imagine the bar was that high), and Krakauer himself was so taken with the story that he embarked on a more exhaustive quest to research the details of McCandless’s life and death. The result was the national bestseller “Into the Wild”, which Sean Penn recently turned into a movie. After some prodding, I checked the book out of the local library and read it this past weekend. McCandless’s story was far more interesting and nuanced than I had realized when I was a law student.
What I hadn’t realized back in 1992 (at least not that I can remember) was that McCandless hadn’t died in some empty bus in a parking lot. After wandering the American west for about two years, he had gone into remote Alaska where, I am sure much to his surprise, he discovered a surplus bus that had been dragged deep into the woods by a Caterpillar many years prior in connection with a long deserted road project. In the four months leading up to his death, he’d been completely alone. He died of starvation.
It’s impossible to put McCandless in any sort of box. Despite his charitable impulses, he was no liberal. In the editorials he wrote for the Emory Wheel, he spoke of Ronald Reagan in glowing terms, and passionately argued the need to combat communism. He showed up as a freshman at Emory with a .30-06 rifle, and wrote in his journal of his grief at having his .38 revolver seized by U.S. Immigration officials when he was crossing back into the U.S. from Mexico. At the same time, he was outraged at poverty and hunger and sought to live completely detached from earthly possessions.
McCandless was somewhat unique, but as Krakauer explains, not completely so. In the book, Krakauer tells the stories of several other individuals during the 20th century and before who had forsaken the world and gone deep into the wild in search of…well, we’re never quite sure. In some cases it appears to be asceticism (a renunciation of the comforts of society), or perhaps aestheticism (a pursuit of beauty). In most of the stories, the protagonists end up dead. Krakauer himself had a near-death “into the wild” experience, and I am sure that fueled his fascination with McCandless.
My take on McCandless is that he wanted to strip himself of need. Krakauer explores Chris McCandless’s strained relationship with his parents, his father in particular. The resentment of need is a key element in the parent/child dynamic, and that seemed to have been exaggerated in McCandless’s life. McCandless had discovered that his father was a bigamist in Chris’s childhood, and he had half-siblings who were both older and younger than he was. He was unable to forgive his father for that. In several instances related in “Into the Wild”, McCandless vehemently declines gifts, from his parents in particular.
In the end, it was need that killed him. Admirably, he managed to survive completely alone for over 100 days in the Alaskan wild with just a bag of rice and a .22 rifle (he managed to kill a moose with it). He sought to return at one point, but a river that he’d waded across in search of solitude had swollen into a raging torrent with the melting snow, and he was unable to cross back over. Although he’d managed to survive on small game and edible plants prior to that ill-fated crossing, Krakauer postulates that McCandless then ingested seeds of a local plant that inhibited his ability to digest food, and already weakened by a limited diet, he died alone in the sleeping bag his mother had sewn for him.
What we know about McCandless’s four months of solitude comes from a sporadic journal he kept on some blank pages in the back of a book and some photographs that he took. Interestingly, the journal contains no profound insights or spiritual reflections. He wrote almost exclusively about what he ate. He didn’t eliminate need, he merely reduced his needs to the most primal.
Chris McCandless would have turned 40 this year if he’d survived. I can’t help but wonder what sort of perspective he might have gained had he lived. I wonder too how different his life might have been if he’d been introduced to a faith that provides a framework for dealing with sin, a faith that shares his detachment from earthly possessions (though it’s adherents all too rarely live this out). I think his stumbling block would have been that coming to the Christian faith involves a confession of inherent need, complete insufficiency, and the need to rely on a heavenly father – for provision, for forgiveness, for redemption, for significance.
There’s a lot that I appreciate about Chris McCandless. I share his love for the wild outdoors, and admire his disdain for our acquisitive society. For both of us running was (and for me still is) a spiritual experience. But in the end, all he left was a rifle, a few books, and a grieving family. His life and death were as tragic as they were fascinating.
He had pondered going to law school. Wouldn’t that have been something if we’d met there? I wonder if I would have had the guts to tell him what I’m saying here.
April 10, 2008 at 4:02 am
He didn’t die in a bus in a “parking lot”. The bus was in east jesus, just across the street from bumf****d egypt in Denali National Park in Alaska. The closest “parking lot” was 30 miles away.
April 10, 2008 at 4:13 am
I know he didn’t die in a parking lot, that’s why I wrote “[w]hat I hadn’t realized back in 1992… was that McCandless hadn’t died in some abandon bus in a parking lot…he had gone into remote Alaska where, I am sure much to his surprise, he discovered an abandon bus that had been dragged deep into the woods by a Caterpillar many years prior in connection with a long abandon road project.”
The words “hadn’t” and “remote” are key in interpreting those two sentences. And thirty miles from a parking lot (it was actually 30 miles from a major highway), isn’t remote by Alaska standards.
April 15, 2008 at 5:22 am
Stephen, this is one of the best and most insightful pieces I have read about Chris McCandless. I was finishing up school in Atlanta when Chris’ body was discovered in Alaska and was very taken by Krakauer’s book. I had a sensibility much like Chris’ at that time in my life. If self-denial and renunciation of need had been Olyimpic events I would have won the gold medal.
Thankfully, God didn’t buy that and I became a Christian in 1994. I think one of the reasons Chris’ life resonates for people was his twin identification with wanting some deeper need fulfilled–one that modern consumerist society could not meet, and yet wanting to remain aloof from emotional and psychological need.
Great writing and best wishes,
Ariel
April 15, 2008 at 4:36 pm
Ariel, thanks for your thoughtful comment. Sounds like you’ve got a great story.
April 15, 2008 at 9:47 pm
Stephen, I do have a great story…..although an old one I suspect. I have been walking with God for 14 years (as of March 2008) and am amazed when I look back at all He has done in my life. I am completing an advanced degree and have found that intelligence and an inquisitive mind are not obstacles to God as long as the ultimate submission is to Him. I now work in a field with many atheists who vault the mind and human will as the only necessary components to a rich life. I see up close everyday what could have happened to me without God’s intervention in my life. Now, I just try to live it out in my life and work, and show through my own life what is possible with Christ.
Anyway, thanks and best wishes,
Ariel
April 15, 2008 at 10:08 pm
Ariel, how wonderful to encounter a sister in Christ! May God bless your wonderful mind and use it to minister to your co-workers.
April 27, 2008 at 9:18 pm
I remember hearing a bunch of hype about this “rebellious kid who wonders himself into the woods of alaska after a long departure from home” I just watched the movie about this, and what I heard was completely wrong. This story is about a free spirit who wanted to actually live life, not how the average person does… always running on some schedule, needing needless things, wanting more. I have started reading “White Fang” and “Call of the Wild” by Jack London, and a few others by Thoreau. I have to say watching this movie and reading all the info I can about Mccandless has pretty much gave me a new insight on life, and I am now positive I will take the journey to be able to see Bus 142 with my own eyes
May 2, 2008 at 5:32 pm
I hate people like Matthew who don’t finish reading something before they comment.
May 14, 2008 at 9:41 pm
I will never, never forget this young man. I am nearly 49 and wish to GOD that I had the courage and the will to do what he did. The world is only getting worse, and the wilderness is our friend. I will be retiring in two years after my daughter leaves for college, and my husband and I will follow some of those steps that Chris took. I applaud him all the way.
Marie
September 12, 2008 at 11:01 pm
I was thoroughly touched by his story and have been occasionally and actively researching his name and all I can find on his life and his story. I dont, however, believe he needed jesus in his life–I felt he was on an adventure into the wild, away from the populated human world to a place bigger than his heart, maybe to find some truth and beauty for his ever throbbing and ebbing soul of his. your story, however, was very informative.
September 25, 2009 at 11:13 am
It wasn’t courage, it was stupidity. He had no IDEA what was ahead. Courage is facing dangers you KNOW yo will face. He was in la la land as far as knowing what he faced.
His only idea of that type of life was what he read in books. A clean, warm version of the hardships that are present in attempting to live in the wild.
IF he had studied, came prepared and KNEW what to do, THAT would have been courage, whether he lived or died.
His story is an example of what happens when you have a storybook version of nature in your mind.
September 25, 2009 at 4:11 pm
I just finished reading “Into the Wild” a few days ago – for the first time – just for enjoyment – I had no idea what it was about -I had not heard of it before. BUT – I lived in Astoria Oregon from 1988 thru 1997 and I remember my husband bringing home an Alex one evening in 1990 or 1991, or around then – for beers and such. It was the same Alex although at the time I did not really care or want to know him – he was a kid -we were in our late 30’s then and had 2 very young sons (3 and 9) so I didn’t pay that much attention although he seemed nice enough but my husband had a knack for bringing home seedy fellows so I didn’t hold Alex in much respect at that time. I have no memory of what they talked about but I do recall he was respectful to me, but then most of the seedy fellows were, so’s I wouldn’t throw them out the back door! Alex was gone the next day and we never heard of him again. I of course wish now that I had paid more attention. I remember very little about him and had completely forgotten about the incident until I read the book and after doing a little research, I realize this was the same Alex. I feel so bad for his parents. Our own sons are in their mid-20’s now and I know how devastated I would be if something like that happened to one of my boys. I can completely relate to Billie McCandless waking up in the middle of the night in July 1992 with an extremely strong feeling that her son was asking for her help. What a heartbreaking story. If you think he was smart, dumb, brave or cowardly, it is still a heart wrenching story. But I do agree with nck that Alex was absolutely not prepared for what he was up against. So my message is to young Adults – please keep in touch with your parents no matter what – they need to know that you are ok.